Karate is a form of martial arts that originated in Okinawa, Japan. It is a philosophical practice and teaches ethical principles to its students. Karate can be taught as a combat sport or as a part of self-defense training. But an aspect of karate in Japanese style training often involves perseverance, fearlessness, and virtue and leadership skills.
Karate training is divided into three forms: the basics, forms and sparring. We will focus more on how to learn karate techniques on the basic part. Kihon, the Japanese term for basics/fundamentals, is the most important aspect of karate because it serves as a solid foundation before you can proceed to the other forms of karate. Kihon techniques are implemented prior to sparring; they serve as a backbone to mastery and improvement of each student.
Tying The Karate Obi/Belt
To learn karate techniques the basic way, you must first know how to tie your karate belt. Guard it with your life because the obi symbolizes your ranking in karate. Your ranking can be graded through the color of the obi. For the beginners, a white obi is usually worn.
To tie your obi, you must first place it on the center part of your stomach with both ends hanging on the floor. Gently wrap it across your waist starting from your front towards your back. Cross the obi behind your back, keeping the obi flat against your body.
Wrap both ends of your obi around sides of your waist, gearing towards the front end. Cross the obi again across your stomach and wrap the end that originates on your right side. The left end of the obi must be bent and pull it down to the center. Finally, loop the bottom end towards the top end.
Making A Proper Fist
A Seiken, the Japanese term for proper fist, is often the first to be taught to prevent potential injury to the knuckles. This serves as one of the powerful elements of karate. Try to curl fingers so that the tip of each fingers touch the hands. Then fold your thumb down across the middle part of index finger and middle finger.
Always keep thumb curled to protect the hand. To strike blows with your Seiken, you have to keep the wrist straight. Knuckles of index finger and middle finger should be the only surfaces to be hit when striking a blow using the Seiken.
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Observing Proper Stance
To learn karate techniques, one must always observe proper stance. This is important because it provides balance to the student whenever he wants to kick or strike a direct blow. There are a lot of stances that are taught, depending on the advancement of the mastery of each student.
There are closed foot and open foot stances that start with feet together and end with feet pointing outward at a 60 degree angle. HeikoDachi stance depends on the width of your shoulders. While Soto Hachiji-Dachi is similar to HeikoDachi, except that toes are pointed out in a 40 degree angle.
In order to learn karate techniques, one must know the basics before they can actually spar with an opponent. Kumite, is the Japanese term for sparring. It is where a student and an assigned opponent will get to spar in a controlled environment.
Kumite is divided into two forms: the freestyle sparring and the agreement sparring. The freestyle sparring mostly involves a safe and controlled environment. Its primary purpose is to improve timing and distance of the defense and offense attacks.
The agreement sparring is a prearranged rank sparring drill taught at different levels of rank. This is to measure how much a student has integrated the Kihon or the basic technique. Safety and control is still the main emphasis in agreement sparring to prevent injuries.
IpponKumite Dai Ichi
This is known as the first one step sparring drill. The right and left side of the body are all involved in attacks. All attacks involve a lunge punch in a front leg bent stance. All defenses step back into a front leg bent stance. These are the attacks allowed in IpponKumite Dai Ichi: Punch groin, punch solar plexus, middle block punch solar plexus, punch upper lip and chin using spear hand/reverse punch and a final solar plexus punch which gives the attack near the ribs.
IpponKumite Dai Ni
This is the second one step sparring, when translated into the English language. All attacks are done in a leaning stance, both left and right sides. The defense steps back into a front leaning stance. Attacks and defense are as follows: During an upper lip/chin punch, you step back into a front leaning stance. Do a high block left. Then pull the left leg back to the right and front kick with right leg to the groin. Repeat on opposite side.
During a solar plexus punch, do a cat stance and grab and side thrust kick to ribs. Or you can do another cat stance and do a front kick to the groin with the front foot. To defend against a punch groin attack, open hand low block and grab one knee with the back leg.
Karate Moves: Block and Counter Techniques
EmpiWaza
These are otherwise known as the elbow techniques. When you step in right and try to grab the person around the head, its defense would be to grab behind the neck as well and do a solar plexus. This is a good counterattack for grabbing. This is the essential component in learning karate techniques.
YonhonKumite Dai Ichi
Otherwise known as the first four step sparring drill, where the attacker and defender have a closed stance. There are two series of attacks and counters consisting of three sequences. The defender retreats using outside closed handed blocks. This drill must be practiced both left and right side.
Kata, is the Japanese term for shape or model. It is a sequence of movements that are classified into offense and defense postures. These are the moves required in combat. A Bunkai is another Japanese term for analysis. It is the demonstrative application of the kata. These are usually done with a partner or in groups.
A kata posture can be dissected into a few or dozen applications. These are also used in traditional Japanese theater arts such as plays and tea ceremonies. It uses a systematic approach. The student often visualizes the attack and uses the moves of kata against strikes and throws.
The basic goal of kata is to transmit proven k techniques and practice it for self-defense. Through repetition, the learner implements the techniques in a more natural way. A rigid system of kata is usually not encouraged because these have to be executed in real life circumstances. When you want to learn karate techniques, the kata is usually where you’d want your knowledge to be put into practice.
Fuji Kata Dai Ichi
This was first formulated by ShoshinNagamine, since most early forms of kata were difficult and complicated to learn. The punches are all solar plexus, meaning they are all focused on the center part of your belly. Most stances in Fuji Kata Dai Ichi are walking stances.
One move is to step left into a front leaning stance. Try to block a low kick from the attacker to the left. Step right to a walking stance and punch right. Try to block a low kick from an attacker and step left to walking stance and punch left.
Try to turn 90 degrees to left by stepping left into the Front Leaning Stance and try to block a low kick attacker from behind you at an angle. Blocking a high punch or a overhead strike from your attacker. These are just the basic moves of Fuji Kata Dai Ichi. When trying to learn karate techniques through form, the two basic elements are stances and blocking.
Dai Nihon Tenno Kata
This form is done only in one position, whether it should be backward or forward. The technique is repeated four times, always starting with right foot first into a bent stance. This Kata is otherwise known as the Great Heavenly Japanese Karate Form.
Try to step forward and do a solar plexus punch and take another step forward to do a lunge punch to the chin. These two moves are repeated twice. Then two low block and middle block punches are aimed at the solar plexus or the center part of your stomach. These are just the first 5 moves and the remaining moves of Dai Nihon Tenno Kata are for the advanced learners.
Fuji Kata Dai Ni
This kata was improvised by Chojun Miyagi, to provide an easier kata to learn. All punches made by this kata are aimed at the center part of the stomach and all stances consist of walking stances. Try to face north, looking left, step out with the right foot and turn facing the left into a walking stance, high block.
With a walking stance, try to punch your opponent to the right. Step back with the right foot, with straddle stance and try a low block left. These are the just the first two steps being discussed here to give you a heads-up on what to expect during karate sessions.
Kata, is the Japanese term for shape or model. It is a sequence of movements that are classified into offense and defense postures. These are the moves required in combat. A Bunkai is another Japanese term for analysis. It is the demonstrative application of the kata. These are usually done with a partner or in groups.
A kata posture can be dissected into a few or dozen applications. These are also used in traditional Japanese theater arts such as plays and tea ceremonies. It uses a systematic approach. The student often visualizes the attack and uses the moves of kata against strikes and throws.
Karate: Top Self-Defense Moves
The basic goal of kata is to transmit proven k techniques and practice it for self-defense. Through repetition, the learner implements the techniques in a more natural way. A rigid system of kata is usually not encouraged because these have to be executed in real life circumstances. When you want to learn karate techniques, the kata is usually where you’d want your knowledge to be put into practice.
Fuji Kata Dai Ichi
This was first formulated by ShoshinNagamine, since most early forms of kata were difficult and complicated to learn. The punches are all solar plexus, meaning they are all focused on the center part of your belly. Most stances in Fuji Kata Dai Ichi are walking stances.
One move is to step left into a front leaning stance. Try to block a low kick from the attacker to the left. Step right to a walking stance and punch right. Try to block a low kick from an attacker and step left to walking stance and punch left.
Try to turn 90 degrees to left by stepping left into the Front Leaning Stance and try to block a low kick attacker from behind you at an angle. Blocking a high punch or a overhead strike from your attacker. These are just the basic moves of Fuji Kata Dai Ichi. When trying to learn karate techniques through form, the two basic elements are stances and blocking.
Dai Nihon Tenno Kata
This form is done only in one position, whether it should be backward or forward. The technique is repeated four times, always starting with right foot first into a bent stance. This Kata is otherwise known as the Great Heavenly Japanese Karate Form.
Try to step forward and do a solar plexus punch and take another step forward to do a lunge punch to the chin. These two moves are repeated twice. Then two low block and middle block punches are aimed at the solar plexus or the center part of your stomach. These are just the first 5 moves and the remaining moves of Dai Nihon Tenno Kata are for the advanced learners.
Fuji Kata Dai Ni
This kata was improvised by Chojun Miyagi, to provide an easier kata to learn. All punches made by this kata are aimed at the center part of the stomach and all stances consist of walking stances. Try to face north, looking left, step out with the right foot and turn facing the left into a walking stance, high block.
With a walking stance, try to punch your opponent to the right. Step back with the right foot, with straddle stance and try a low block left. These are the just the first two steps being discussed here to give you a heads-up on what to expect during karate sessions.
Shitō-ryū, anotherkata style acknowledged by the World Karate Federation, is established by KenwaMabuni in 1931. Shitō-ryū is a blendof the multitude basics of karate. This technique, while hybridized, aims to unite these basics.
Shitō-ryū style’s positions that are characterized as elongated and powerful are also present in Shuri-te based techniques such as Shotokan and Shorin-ryū. In addition, Shitō-ryū also has rigid and flexible forms, breathing quality, and the eight-directional and circular motions of Uechi-ryū and Gōjū-ryū. Despite Shitō-ryū technique’s emphasis on speed, its ability to display creativity and power is not diminished.
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Learn Karate Techniques: Shitō-ryū Style’s Five Rules Of Defense
The Shitō-ryū style also contains the five rules of defense. This is founded by KenwaMabuni and is titled as Uke no go gensoku.
Falling petals (rakka) – This describes a style of blocking made with great power and precision to dissolve the attacker’s offensive movement.
Running Water (ryūsui) -Like running water, this describes the art of sinuous movement following an offensive attack.
Elasticity (kusshin) – This describes the art of regaining ones stance and accumulating energy as you recover from an offensive attack.
Transposition (ten’i)-This uses all eight-directional movements, most notably staying out of the offensive attack line.
Counterattack (hangeki) – This is the art of defensive motions, made to ward off or redirect an attacker’s offensive move before inflicting damage to the defender.
Contemporary versions of Shitō-ryū styles focus on the importance of spars. It emphasizes speed, and that the positions by which movements are conducted are more vertical and initiated from a certain degree of elevations. Since of Shitō-ryū styles contain a multitude of forms, time is really devoted in accomplishing perfection in any of its close to 60 forms.
The dictum of KenwaMabuni is “Kunshi no Ken”. It means that an individual should endeavor to develop his character with the ultimate goal of becoming respected and well-rounded. You can become a true Shito-ryu disciple when your virtues and integrity are intact for other people to model, when despite the most unfortunate of circumstances you are able to maintain good composure and good manners, when you are responsible for your words and deeds, and when you act with self-discipline in all situations.
Mabuni have enumerated three weak points in character that every martial artist should endeavor to overcome. These are skepticism (giryo), egotism (manshin), and negligence (ketai).
Gōjū-ryū is an influential and traditional style of karate founded by Chōjun Miyagi in 1930. It is one of the kata styles acknowledged by the World Karate Federation.
Chief importance is set on practicing how to perform proper inhalation in all of the forms of movement, specifically in the Sanchin kata, which is one of the two principal katas of Gōjū-ryū system. The other major kata is known as Tensho. Its purpose is to educate the apprentice about the soft characteristics of the Gōjū-ryū system. Gōjū-ryū puts into application forms that reinforce the strength and condition of a body. It also approaches the basic techniques in combat such as generation of power, distance, tackiness, and etc.
Learn Karate Techniques: Gōjū-ryū Style’s 12 Core Kata
Kata is the core and basis of karate and it signifies the buildup of an understanding spanning a millennium. It is shaped by many karate teachers who in their own right are proficient in the practice of its philosophy and techniques, through committed desire to continuously improve the art. It functions like a compass, guiding a practitioner and should never be endeavored to be altered.
The Gōjū-ryū style contains 12 core kata in its set course: attack and destroy (traditional and contemporary stances and handed techniques), smash and tear(fist strikes and whipping movements), attack, conquer and suppress, 13 hands, 18 hands, fighting in four directions, 36 hands, holding on long and striking suddenly, three battles (moving meditation), revolving hands, and 108 hands.
In Gōjū-ryū, just about all of the forms have a set partner-requiring fighting sessions. These practice sessions aim to aid understanding in the utilization of the forms of movement, establishment of the correct sinuous rhythm, performance of offenses and defenses and to enable a safe structured environment by which these styles can be applied to the sparring partner.
Miyagi understood that “the definitive endeavor of karate-do was to establish character, triumph over miseries imposed on us mortals, and discover spiritual sovereignty”.
He declared that it was significant to impose a sense of balance in the exercise to protect oneself in the midst of cultivating the conceptions of man including the adage that there exists no initial strike in karate. He also promulgated the significance of refining the mind before attempting to perfect strength.
Miyagi preferred the given name Goju-ryu (“go” denoting “hard” and “ju” denoting “soft”), to accentuate that his method incorporated both rigid and flexible styles. This karate technique sees its application not just in the field of martial arts but also in life. Just absolute hardness or softness does not encourage growth. It doesn’t teach one how to manage the unfortunate scenarios sometimes life affords. When one blocks, the body assumes a flexible stance allowing inhalation, whilst in striking, the force applied makes the body hard.